Modules and Packages

# Different ways to import
import math
print("Using import math:")
print(f"  math.sqrt(25) = {math.sqrt(25)}")
print(f"  math.pi = {math.pi:.4f}")

from math import sqrt, ceil
print("\nUsing from math import sqrt, ceil:")
print(f"  sqrt(49) = {sqrt(49)}")
print(f"  ceil(4.2) = {ceil(4.2)}")

import datetime as dt
print("\nUsing import datetime as dt:")
print(f"  Today: {dt.date.today()}")

import math

print("=== Math Module ===")
print(f"Square root of 64: {math.sqrt(64)}")
print(f"2 to the power of 10: {math.pow(2, 10)}")
print(f"Ceiling of 3.2: {math.ceil(3.2)}")
print(f"Floor of 3.8: {math.floor(3.8)}")
print(f"Pi: {math.pi:.6f}")
print(f"Factorial of 5: {math.factorial(5)}")

import random

print("=== Random Module ===")
print(f"Random number 1-100: {random.randint(1, 100)}")
print(f"Random decimal: {random.random():.4f}")

colors = ["red", "blue", "green", "yellow"]
print(f"Random color: {random.choice(colors)}")

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
random.shuffle(numbers)
print(f"Shuffled: {numbers}")

print(f"Pick 2 colors: {random.sample(colors, 2)}")

from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta

# Current date and time
now = datetime.now()
print("=== Datetime Module ===")
print(f"Now: {now}")
print(f"Date only: {date.today()}")
print(f"Year: {now.year}, Month: {now.month}, Day: {now.day}")

# Formatting dates
print(f"\nFormatted: {now.strftime('%B %d, %Y')}")
print(f"Time: {now.strftime('%H:%M:%S')}")

# Date math
tomorrow = date.today() + timedelta(days=1)
next_week = date.today() + timedelta(weeks=1)
print(f"\nTomorrow: {tomorrow}")
prin
...

import os

print("=== OS Module ===")
print(f"Current directory: {os.getcwd()}")
print(f"Operating system: {os.name}")

# Path operations (works on any OS)
path = os.path.join("folder", "subfolder", "file.txt")
print(f"\nJoined path: {path}")
print(f"File name: {os.path.basename(path)}")
print(f"Directory: {os.path.dirname(path)}")

# Check if path exists
print(f"\nCurrent dir exists: {os.path.exists('.')}")

import json

# Python dictionary
user = {
    "name": "Alice",
    "age": 25,
    "is_student": True,
    "skills": ["Python", "JavaScript"]
}

# Convert to JSON string
json_string = json.dumps(user, indent=2)
print("=== Python to JSON ===")
print(json_string)

# Convert back to Python
parsed = json.loads(json_string)
print(f"\n=== Back to Python ===")
print(f"Name: {parsed['name']}")
print(f"Skills: {parsed['skills']}")

# Simulating a custom module

# This would be in my_helpers.py:
def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

def calculate_area(length, width):
    return length * width

PI = 3.14159

# Using the "module":
print(greet("Python Learner"))
print(f"Area: {calculate_area(5, 3)}")
print(f"PI value: {PI}")

import random
import string

def generate_password(length=12):
    """Generate a secure random password."""
    # All possible characters
    characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "!@#$%"
    
    # Generate password
    password = ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length))
    return password

# Generate passwords of different lengths
print("=== Password Generator ===")
print(f"8 chars:  {generate_password(8)}")
print(f"12 chars: {generate_password(12)}")
print(f"16
...

from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta

def days_until(target_date):
    """Calculate days until a target date."""
    today = date.today()
    target = datetime.strptime(target_date, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
    delta = target - today
    return delta.days

def add_days(start_date, days):
    """Add days to a date."""
    start = datetime.strptime(start_date, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
    result = start + timedelta(days=days)
    return result.strftime("%B %d, %Y")

# Examples
print("=== Date Calcul
...

import json
import math

# Sample data (could come from a file or API)
data_json = '''
{
    "students": [
        {"name": "Alice", "score": 85},
        {"name": "Bob", "score": 92},
        {"name": "Charlie", "score": 78},
        {"name": "Diana", "score": 95}
    ]
}
'''

# Parse JSON
data = json.loads(data_json)
scores = [s["score"] for s in data["students"]]

# Calculate statistics
average = sum(scores) / len(scores)
highest = max(scores)
lowest = min(scores)

print("=== Student Score An
...